“When
we ingest a drug or a drink, our system instantly floods with an absurd
amount of dopamine — from two to ten times the natural amount — causing
an intense uprush of pleasure and focus, essentially shortcutting the
brain’s natural reward system. That feels really, really good. Then a
couple of things happen. The hippocampus — the part of the brain
responsible for creating memories — lays down “tracks” or “records” of
this rapid sense of satisfaction. So essentially the brain remembers: I
can cut straight to the good feelings with this simple little thing.
Next, the amygdala, which is responsible for emotions and survival
instincts, creates a conditioned response to the stimulus (for me, it’s
alcohol; for you, it’s whatever your “thing” is), and as a result, the
brain produces less dopamine or even in severe cases eliminates dopamine
receptors in an effort to maintain balance, causing the activity that
once used to be the fast track to pleasure to become less and less
pleasurable over time. Now, repeat this cycle a few thousand times, and
the brain’s reward and learning functions change significantly. The
actual pleasure associated with the behavior subsides, yet the memory of
the desired effect and the need to re-create it (the wanting) persists.
The normal machinery of motivation no longer functions rationally. “You
were literally out of your mind,” she said.”
― Laura McKowen
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